학년 | grade (in school) |
등 | counter for rank, place |
호 | counter for room number |
마리 | counter for animals |
개 | counter for objects |
명 | counter for people |
In Korean, there are two number systems; one is native Korean numbers, and the other is Chinese(Sino) numbers. Native Korean numbers are original Korean words, while Sino numbers are based on Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese.
Korean Number
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
하나(한) | 둘(두) | 셋(세) | 넷(네) | 다섯 | 여섯 | 일곱 | 여덟 | 아홉 | 열 |
11 | 12 | 13 | … | 19 | 20 | ||||
열 하나 | 열 둘 | 열 셋 | … | 열 아홉 | 스물 | ||||
21 | 22 | 23 | … | 29 | 30 | ||||
스물 하나 | 스물 둘 | 스물 셋 | … | 스물 아홉 | 서른 | ||||
40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | ||||
마흔 | 쉰 | 예순 | 일흔 | 여든 | 아흔 |
: mostly used when you count how many things there are (It can be the answer to “How many ~?”)
고양이 한 마리 (one cat) (‘마리’ is a counter used for animals. Counters will be explained on the ‘counters’ page.)
인형 두 개 (two dolls)
사람 세 명 (three people)
Sino-Korean Number
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
영or 공 | 일 | 이 | 삼 | 사 | 오 | 육 | 칠 | 팔 | 구 | 십 |
11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | |
십일 | 십이 | 십삼 | 십사 | 십오 | 십육 | 십칠 | 십팔 | 십구 | 이십 | |
21 | 22 | 23 | … | 100 | ||||||
이십일 | 이십이 | 이십삼 | … | 백 |
: mostly used for a name or a label(It can be the answer to “What number is~?”)
사 학년 (4th grade)
일 등 (1st place)
삼백이 호 (room n.302)
Tips! Korean has two number systems, which can confuse many learners. So first, I explained the general tendencies of how the two systems are conventionally used through examples. However, as you study Korean more deeply, you will realize that in real life there are not always strictly fixed grammatical rules for reading numbers.
In general, smaller numbers are often read using native Korean numbers(하나, 둘, 셋, 넷…) while larger numbers are often read using Sino-Korean (오십, 육십, 칠십…) For example, although ‘50 people’ involves counting people, the number is relatively large, so it is commonly read as ‘오십 명’ using Sino-Korean numbers. However, depending on the situation, some people may also read it as ’쉰 명’. Some people even mix the two systems, reading ‘54 people’ as ’오십 네 명’ combining Sino-Korean and native Korean numbers.
Then at what point can we consider a number to be “large”? Well… I can't say exactly from which number it starts, but it would be good to be able to count at least around 30(서른) in Korean numbers.
Big numbers
Numbers above 100 are all read using Chinese numbers.
1 | 일 |
10 | 십 |
100 | 백 |
1000 | 천 |
10,000 | 만 |
100,000 | 십만 |
1,000,000 | 백만 |
10,000,000 | 천만 |
100,000,000 | 억 |
1,000,000,000 | 십억 |
10,000,000,000 | 백억 |
… | … |